Meningioma
What are the symptoms of meningioma?
What is the survival rate of meningioma?
Frequently asked questions
Are there different types of meningioma?
Approximately 80-90% meningiomas are grade 1 and slow-growing, but some are more aggressive, which is why medical teams ideally want to take a biopsy (a small sample taking during a surgical operation) of each tumour. This enables clinicians to classify the tumour both histologically (through a microscope) and using molecular profiling (studying the genetic characteristics of the tumour).
There are actually over 50 different sub groups of meningioma, but the World Health Organisation (WHO) groups them into three grades to reflect their main characteristics:
Grade 1 is the least aggressive and slowest growing form of meningioma, therefore carrying the longest prognosis. This form may never grow back after a successful surgical operation that is able to remove all, or most, of the tumour. Some meningioma may never grow any bigger and will not need to be treated at all, so the first line of response from your medical team may be to simply keep the tumour under close surveillance (for example by offering you a scan every 6 or 12 months), but not to treat until it poses a threat due to its size, position or a worsening of your symptoms.
Grade 2 meningiomas are known as “atypical meningioma.” Their name indicates the fact that these do not behave in a “typical” way and therefore their rate of growth and recurrence is hard to predict, but they are more likely to recur after surgery than a grade I meningioma. If you have a grade 2 meningioma you will be carefully monitored by your medical team to ensure that you receive the best possible care.
Grade 3 meningiomas are known as anaplastic (malignant) meningioma, and represent approximately 3% to 5% of those diagnosed. Unfortunately, these frequently recur after surgery, which is why they are also treated with radiotherapy.
How serious is a meningioma?
Meningiomas are typically slow-growing tumours that originate from the meninges, the protective covering around the brain and spinal cord. Most meningiomas are benign, meaning they are not cancerous, and they do not spread to other parts of the body. However, some meningiomas can become large and press on important structures in the brain or spinal cord, causing symptoms such as headaches, seizures, or changes in vision or hearing.
The seriousness of a meningioma depends on several factors, including the size and location of the tumour, as well as the age and overall health of the patient. In general, smaller meningiomas that are not causing symptoms may not require immediate treatment, but larger or more aggressive tumours may require surgery, radiation therapy, or other forms of treatment. It is important for anyone with a suspected or diagnosed meningioma to work closely with their healthcare provider to develop an individualized treatment plan and to closely monitor the tumour for any changes or signs of growth.
Can an MRI tell if a meningioma is benign?
An MRI can help in the diagnosis of meningiomas, but it cannot definitively determine whether a meningioma is benign or malignant. Meningiomas are typically slow-growing tumours that arise from the meninges, the protective covering around the brain and spinal cord. They can be classified as either benign (not cancerous) or malignant (cancerous), based on their appearance under a microscope.
MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) uses a magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed images of the brain and spinal cord. It can help in the diagnosis of meningiomas by providing information about the size, location, and characteristics of the tumour. MRI can also help to distinguish meningiomas from other types of brain tumours, such as gliomas or metastatic tumours.
However, a definitive diagnosis of a meningioma as either benign or malignant requires a biopsy, where a small sample of the tumour is removed and examined under a microscope by a pathologist. The pathologist will examine the tissue sample for characteristics that indicate whether the tumour is benign or malignant, such as cell size and shape, the presence of abnormal cell division, or the presence of necrosis (dead tissue).
In summary, an MRI can provide valuable information about the size and location of a meningioma, but a biopsy is required to definitively determine whether the tumour is benign or malignant.
What is life after benign meningioma surgery?
Life after benign meningioma surgery varies from person to person, but in many cases, individuals can expect a positive outcome. Meningiomas are tumours that arise from the meninges, the layers of tissue covering the brain and spinal cord. While most meningiomas are benign (non-cancerous), their impact on an individual's life can depend on factors such as the tumour's size, location, and the success of the surgical intervention.
Here are some general aspects of life after benign meningioma surgery:
Recovery Period:
- The immediate post-surgery period involves a recovery phase, which may include a hospital stay.
- Recovery time can vary depending on the extent of the surgery, overall health of the individual, and the presence of any complications.
Symptom Improvement:
- Successful removal of the meningioma often leads to improvement or resolution of symptoms that were associated with the tumour.
- Common symptoms that may improve include headaches, visual disturbances, and neurological deficits.
Follow-Up Care:
- Regular follow-up appointments with the medical team are essential to monitor recovery, assess any potential complications, and ensure the tumour does not recur.
- Follow-up imaging studies, such as MRI or CT scans, may be scheduled to monitor for any signs of tumour recurrence.
Return to Normal Activities:
- Many individuals are able to return to their normal activities and routines after recovery from meningioma surgery.
- The ability to resume activities may depend on the individual's overall health, the nature of their work, and the type of surgery performed.
Long-Term Prognosis:
- The prognosis for individuals with benign meningiomas is generally favourable, especially when the tumour is completely removed.
- Recurrence rates for truly benign meningiomas are relatively low, but ongoing monitoring is important.
Potential Side Effects:
- Some individuals may experience side effects related to the surgery, such as temporary or permanent changes in cognitive function, memory, or motor skills.
- The occurrence and severity of side effects can vary, and their impact on daily life may be temporary or managed through rehabilitation.
What is sphenoid wing meningioma?
A sphenoid wing meningioma is a tumour arising from the meninges on the sphenoid bone. Symptoms may include headaches and visual disturbances. Treatment often involves surgical removal, and the prognosis is generally favorable, especially for benign tumors. Consultation with a neurosurgeon is crucial for personalized assessment and care.
How will we find a cure for meningioma?
Research we are funding across all of our Centres of Excellence will help lead towards finding a cure.
Our University of Plymouth Brain Tumour Research Centre of Excellence is Europe’s leading research institution for low-grade brain tumours, and has a strong focus on meningioma. They have a large bank of meningioma samples and have identified a wide variety of genetic mutations across all grades. This has enabled them to develop a blood test that can identify different subgroups of meningioma, with the potential to be used as a way to classify and monitor tumours without the need for a surgical biopsy. They are also developing and testing a range of drugs for meningioma, including those caused by the genetic condition Neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2).
The team of research and clinical experts at our Centre of Excellence at Imperial College, London have built up a significant bank of meningioma tissue samples thanks to their close relationship with Charing Cross Hospital. They work closely with the University of Plymouth Centre of Excellence on certain aspects of research, particularly the identification of genes and proteins that can form potential targets for drugs to influence.
We also fund BRAIN UK at Southampton University, the country’s only national tissue bank providing crucial access to brain tumour samples for researchers from the archives of clinical neuroscience centres in the UK, effectively covering about 90% of the UK population, and an essential component in the fight to find a cure for meningioma.