The exact cause of neuroblastoma, like many cancers, is not fully understood. However, several factors have been identified that may contribute to its development. 

Neuroblastoma arises from abnormal growth and development of immature nerve cells called neuroblasts. Here are some factors that have been associated with an increased risk of developing neuroblastoma: 

Genetic factors: Certain genetic mutations and alterations have been linked to an increased susceptibility to neuroblastoma. For example, mutations in the ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) gene and MYCN (v-Myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene neuroblastoma derived homolog) amplification are found in a subset of neuroblastoma cases. 

Inherited predisposition: Around 1-2% of neuroblastoma cases are hereditary and can be passed down through families. Mutations in specific genes, such as the ALK gene, PHOX2B gene, and others, can increase the risk of developing neuroblastoma. 

Age: Neuroblastoma is primarily a pediatric cancer, with the majority of cases diagnosed in children under the age of 5. The reason for this age distribution is not completely understood. 

Environmental factors: Some environmental factors have been suggested to play a role in neuroblastoma development, but their contribution is not yet well-defined. Factors such as maternal exposure to certain chemicals or substances during pregnancy or early childhood exposure to certain infections or toxins have been studied, but their direct influence is not fully established. 

It's important to note that neuroblastoma is a complex disease, and individual cases can have unique characteristics. Ongoing research aims to uncover more about the underlying causes and risk factors associated with neuroblastoma. 

The treatment of neuroblastoma depends on the age of the child, the size and position of the tumour, the tumour biology and whether it has spread. It is a decision that will be made on an individual basis with the child’s treatment team.

The main treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy (currently available in clinical trials only).

Please note:

Symptoms and prognosis will be different from person to person and a thorough evaluation by a healthcare professional is necessary for an accurate diagnosis. If you suspect that your child may have neuroblastoma or any other health concern, it is crucial to consult a paediatrician or medical specialist for an appropriate evaluation and diagnosis.

Neuroblastoma is considered curable in some cases, while in others, it can be more challenging to cure. The potential for a cure depends on several factors, including the stage of the disease, age of the patient, genetic features, and response to treatment. 

Low-risk and intermediate-risk neuroblastoma cases, which are typically diagnosed at an early stage and have favorable characteristics, often have a high cure rate. With appropriate treatment, the majority of children with low-risk neuroblastoma can be cured, and the long-term survival rate is generally very good. 

High-risk neuroblastoma, on the other hand, is more aggressive and has a greater tendency to spread to other parts of the body. It can be more challenging to cure and requires more intensive and complex treatment approaches. The prognosis for high-risk neuroblastoma is generally poorer compared to low- and intermediate-risk cases. However, advances in treatment options, including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies, have improved outcomes for some patients with high-risk neuroblastoma. 

It's important to consult with a medical professional who specializes in pediatric oncology for a comprehensive evaluation and personalized information about the specific case and available treatment options. They will be able to provide the most accurate and up-to-date information regarding the potential for cure in a particular situation. 

Neuroblastoma is a relatively rare childhood cancer, and its incidence can vary by country. In the United Kingdom (UK), neuroblastoma is considered one of the most common solid tumours in children, accounting for around 8% of all childhood cancers. 

The exact number of new cases of neuroblastoma diagnosed in the UK each year can vary, but it is estimated that there are around 100 new cases diagnosed annually. However, it's important to note that these numbers can fluctuate and may not reflect the most recent data. 

Neuroblastoma can occur in children of all ages, but it is most commonly diagnosed in infants and young children, typically under the age of 5. It affects slightly more boys than girls. 

Diagnosis and treatment of neuroblastoma in the UK are primarily carried out by specialist pediatric oncology centers. These centers provide multidisciplinary care and access to the latest treatment options and clinical trials for children with neuroblastoma. 

If you have specific concerns or need more accurate and up-to-date information on the incidence and prevalence of neuroblastoma in the UK, I would recommend consulting official sources such as cancer registries or speaking with a healthcare professional or organization specializing in pediatric oncology in the UK.

The survival rate for neuroblastoma varies depending on several factors, including the stage of the disease, age of the patient, genetic features, and response to treatment. Survival rates are often reported in terms of the percentage of patients who are alive at a certain time point after diagnosis. It's important to note that these statistics are general estimates and individual outcomes may differ. 

For neuroblastoma, survival rates are typically categorized based on risk groups: 

Low-risk neuroblastoma: The survival rate for low-risk neuroblastoma is generally very high, with estimates ranging from around 95% to 99%. The majority of low-risk cases can be successfully treated, and long-term survival is common. 

Intermediate-risk neuroblastoma: Intermediate-risk neuroblastoma has a somewhat lower survival rate compared to low-risk cases. The estimated survival rate for intermediate-risk neuroblastoma is typically around 90% to 95%. Although the prognosis is generally favourable, some intermediate-risk cases may require more intensive treatment. 

High-risk neuroblastoma: High-risk neuroblastoma is the most aggressive form of the disease and poses the greatest challenges in terms of treatment and prognosis. The survival rate for high-risk neuroblastoma is lower compared to low- and intermediate-risk cases. Despite advances in treatment, the estimated survival rate for high-risk neuroblastoma is typically around 40% to 50%. 

It's important to remember that these survival rates are based on average outcomes and can vary from individual to individual. The treatment of neuroblastoma is continually evolving, and newer therapies, such as immunotherapy and targeted treatments, are being developed to improve outcomes for high-risk cases. Consulting with a healthcare professional who specializes in pediatric oncology can provide more specific and up-to-date information based on the individual case and available treatment options.